5 mins read

When a congressman beat a senator unconscious, America confronted the limits of free speech

The beating of Sen. Charles Sumner in 1856 by Rep. Preston Brooks over a speech against slavery sparked a nationwide debate over free speech, political violence and the relationship between the two.

9 mins read

The forgotten story of abolition in revolutionary France – the first emancipation

Decades before the United States, France outlawed slavery during the French Revolution – only to see it reimposed by Napoleon within a decade.